廣東省雷州半島風水林斑塊的植物多樣性

黃銳洲; 許涵; 劉家輝; 馬海賓; 唐光大

doi:10.12356/j.2096-8884.2023-0037

廣東省雷州半島風水林斑塊的植物多樣性

doi: 10.12356/j.2096-8884.2023-0037

黃銳洲^{1, 2,},
許涵²,
劉家輝²,
馬海賓²,
唐光大^1, ,

1.
華南農業大學南方石灰巖植物研究中心，林學與風景園林學院，廣州 510640
2.
中國林業科學研究院熱帶林業研究所，廣州 510520

基金項目: 廣東省林業科技創新項目（2018KJCX010）；廣東省林業局科技項目（2023KJCX001）

詳細信息

作者簡介:
黃銳洲：E-mail: huangruizhou@njfu.edu.cn

通訊作者:
E-mail: gdtang@scau.edu.cn

中圖分類號: S719
計量
- 文章訪問數: 40
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 12
- PDF下載量: 19
- 被引次數: 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-05
- 錄用日期: 2023-08-10
- 網絡出版日期: 2023-10-10
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-31

Plants Diversity of Fengshui Forests in Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong Province

Ruizhou Huang^{1, 2
,},
Han Xu²,
Jiahui Liu²,
Haibin Ma²,
Guangda Tang^{1
, ,}

1.
South China Limestone Plants Research Center, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2.
Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China

摘要

摘要: 目的以雷州半島的10個風水林為研究對象，系統分析風水林群落的植物多樣性，探討風水林森林斑塊面積對物種存留的貢獻與影響。方法每個風水林建立1個40 m×40 m的樣地，分析群落α多樣性、β多樣性和森林斑塊面積對風水林植物多樣性的影響。結果 1）雷州半島10個風水林中保存著190種植物。喬木層與草本層均由1個或若干優勢種與較多的稀有種組成；且均以出現頻次為1的物種豐富度比例最高，分別占其物種總豐富度的39.26%與48.48%。2）喬木層與草本層種的Jaccard相似性指數均值僅為31.29%與15.46%，Bray-Curtis相似性指數均值僅為25.62%與11.38%；喬木層與草本層間的物種Jaccard相似性指數與Bray-Curtis相似性指數僅為22.77%與12.12%。3）風水林斑塊面積與風水林植物多樣性保存水平無顯著相關關系，且森林斑塊面積對風水林植物喬木層與草本層植物多樣性組成的影響相對較小。結論雖然雷州半島風水林保存著豐富的植物，且風水林森林斑塊面積大小對其多樣性的影響相對較小，但因風水林呈現破碎化，林內大部分植物種類為稀有種，僅有部分種子轉化為幼苗，群落的穩定性與抗干擾性相對較弱。
- 風水林 /
- 雷州半島 /
- 物種多樣性
Abstract: Objective Ten communities of Fengshui forests were studied to analyze the species diversity systematically, and to explore the contribution and impact of forests patch size to the species conservation on the Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong Province. Method A 40 m × 40 m sample plot was established in each Fengshui forest to analyze the alpha diversity, beta diversity of community and the effect of forest patch area on plants diversity. Result 1) There were 190 species recorded in the 10 Fengshui forests on the Leizhou Peninsula. In the arbor and herb layers, the community of these small Fengshui forest patches consisted mainly of one or several dominant species and numerous rare species. Both the arbor and herb layers had the highest proportion of species with a frequency of 1, which accounted for 39.26% and 48.48% of their respective total richness. 2) The mean Jaccard similarity for the species of arbor and herb layer were only 31.29% and 15.46% respectively. Similarly, the mean Bray-Curtis similarity were merely 25.62% and 11.38% among the 10 Fengshui sample plots. The mean Jaccard similarity and the Bray-Curtis similarity of species between the arbor and herb layers were only 22.77% and 12.12% respectively. 3) There was no significant correlation between the area of Fengshui forest patches and the level of plant diversity conservation, and the impact of forest patch area on the plants composition of arbor and herb layers in Fengshui forests is relatively small. Conclusion Fengshui forests preserved a rich variety of plant species and the size of forest patches had a relatively small impact on their plant diversity, but because they are isolated from each other, most of the species in these forests were rare species, and only a small portion of the seeds developed into seedlings on Leizhou Peninsula. As a result, community stability and resistance to disturbances are relatively weak.
- Fengshui forest /
- Leizhou Peninsula /
- species diversity

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圖 1 雷州半島風水林中植物的物種豐富度與出現頻次的關系

注：A：喬木層和草本層；B：喬木層；C：草本層。圖中實線與虛線分別為植物物種豐富度隨物種出現頻次變化的回歸線與平滑折線。A: arbor layer & herb layer; B: arbor layer; C: herb layer. The solid and dashed lines are the regression line and the smooth folded line of the change in plant species richness with the frequency of species occurrence, respectively.

Figure 1. The relationship between specie richness and frequency in Fenghsui forests of Leizhou Peninsula

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圖 2 雷州半島風水林間的Jaccard相似性指數與Bray-Curtis相似性指數

Figure 2. Jaccard similarity and Bray-Curtis similarity among Fengshui forests of Leizhou Peninsula

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 雷州半島風水林喬木層草本層間的物種的相似性指數

注： Jaccard相似性指數 Jaccard similarity； Bray-Curtis相似性指數 Bray-Curtis similarity。

Figure 3. Similarity of species between arbor and herb layer in the Fengshui forests of Leizhou Peninsula

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

表 1 雷州半島風水林的10個樣地的基本概況

Table 1. Basic information of 10 sample plots in the Fengshui forests of the Leizhou Peninsula

樣地 Sample plot	地點 Location	經度 Longitude	緯度 Latitude	風水林面積 Area of Fengshui forest/hm²	土壤pH值 Soil pH-value	有效磷含量 Available phosphoru/ (mg·kg^?1)	堿解氮含量 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen/(mg·kg^?1)
1	龍門鎮足榮村	109.940575	20.619156	52.6	5.67	2.65	261.11
2	龍門鎮停趾村	110.034656	20.645656	4.0	4.52	5.45	125.14
3	龍門鎮湖口村	110.042244	20.648550	4.4	4.64	6.86	138.95
4	龍門鎮坡仔村	110.020139	20.659525	2.1	5.04	4.61	159.66
5	龍門鎮那利村	110.009861	20.667675	1.0	5.99	4.04	118.67
6	雷高鎮木棉村	110.230336	20.828111	5.9	4.71	3.08	359.88
7	雷高鎮題橋村	110.247111	20.762331	2.4	4.62	33.17	290.62
8	南興鎮黃排村	110.113019	20.802317	1.4	4.23	58.66	180.59
9	調風鎮赤尾村	110.302939	20.760594	1.5	4.30	10.95	115.86
10	下橋鎮石板村	110.235772	20.552783	2.5	4.03	5.70	327.52

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表 2 雷州半島風水林的10個樣地中植物多樣性與保存水平

Table 2. Plants diversity and the conservation level of 10 sample plots in the Fengshui forests of the Leizhou Peninsula

樣地 Sample plot	喬木層 Arbor layer				草本層 Herb layer				排序 Rank
樣地 Sample plot	科豐富度 Family richness	屬豐富度 Genus richness	種豐富度 Specie richness	種多度 Specie abundance	科豐富度 Family richness	屬豐富度 Genus richness	種豐富度 Specie richness	種多度 Specie abundance	排序 Rank
1	19	32	37	581	20	25	26	236	3
2	26	43	50	1302	13	17	17	78	2
3	29	51	57	735	21	26	26	182	9
4	29	42	51	747	14	18	18	123	4
5	30	50	61	1197	16	24	25	126	8
6	29	48	54	607	16	21	21	133	5
7	27	51	60	874	18	21	23	255	7
8	25	41	46	684	13	16	16	105	1
9	28	43	51	1495	18	24	25	159	6
10	29	48	56	1031	22	27	27	116	10
均值 Mean	27	45	52	925	17	22	22	151	—

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表 3 雷州半島風水林10個樣地中喬木層和草本層優勢種與稀有種的豐富度與比例

Table 3. Richness and proportion of dominant and rare species in the arbor and hreb layer of the 10 sample plots in the Fengshui forests of Leizhou Peninsula

樣地 Sample plot	喬木層優勢種豐富度 Richness of dominant species in arbor layer	比例¹ Proportion/%	喬木層稀有種豐富度 Richness of rare species in arbor layer	比例² Proportion/%	草本層優勢種豐富度 Richness of dominant species in herb layer	比例³ Proportion/%	草本層稀有種豐富度 Richness of rare species in herb layer	比例⁴ Proportion/%
1	3	8.11	21	56.76	2	7.69	14	53.85
2	2	4.00	32	64.00	1	5.88	0	0.00
3	1	1.75	40	70.18	1	3.85	13	50.00
4	2	3.92	33	64.71	3	16.67	6	23.08
5	1	1.64	43	70.49	2	8.00	10	38.46
6	2	3.70	35	64.81	3	14.29	5	19.23
7	2	3.33	39	65.00	2	8.70	14	53.85
8	1	2.17	28	60.87	1	6.25	5	19.23
9	2	3.92	32	62.75	4	16.00	11	42.31
10	3	5.36	42	75.00	3	11.11	17	65.38
均值 Mean	2	3.79	34	65.46	2	9.84	10	36.54
注：1和2：喬木層優勢種豐富度、稀有種豐富度占喬木層總豐富度的比例；3和4：草本層優勢種豐富度、稀有種豐富度占草本層總豐富度的比例。1 & 2: the proportion of the richness of dominant species and rare species in the total richness of the arbor layer. 3 & 4: the proportion of the richness of dominant species and rare species in the total richness of herb layer.

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1 雷州半島風水林喬木層優勢種的多度

1. Abundance of dominant species in the arbor layer in Fengshui forests of Leizhou Peninsula

樣地 Sample plot	優勢種的多度 Abundance of dominant species
1	銀柴 Aporosa dioica（139）、陰香 Cinnamomum burmanni（111）、假蘋婆 Sterculia lanceolata（96）
2	白楸 Mallotus paniculatus（246）、濱木患 Arytera littoralis（207）
3	米仔蘭 Aglaia odorata（172）
4	鵝掌柴 Heptapleurum heptaphyllum（164）、白楸 Mallotus paniculatus（102）
5	銀柴 Aporosa dioica（257）
6	紫玉盤 Uvaria macrophylla（100）、竹節樹 Carallia brachiata（77）
7	網脈瓊楠 Beilschmiedia tsangii（166）、白楸 Mallotus paniculatus（109）
8	硬殼桂 Cryptocarya chingii（156）
9	濱木患 Arytera littoralis（319）、白楸 Mallotus paniculatus（265）
10	肉實樹 Sarcosperma laurinum（219）、九節 Psychotria asiatica（217）、白楸 Mallotus paniculatus（203）

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2 雷州半島風水林草本層優勢種的多度

2. Abundance of dominant species in the herb layer in Fengshui forests of Leizhou Peninsula

樣地 Sample plot	優勢種與其多度 Abundance of dominant species
1	假蒟 Piper sarmentosum（146）、心葉素馨 Jasminum pierreanum（24）
2	九節 Psychotria asiatica（10）
3	陰香 Cinnamomum burmanni（123）
4	假蒟 Piper sarmentosum（49）、白樹 Suregada multiflora（19）、三椏苦 Melicope pteleifolia（17）
5	大管 Micromelum falcatum（28）、酒餅簕 Atalantia buxifolia（13）
6	鵝掌柴 Heptapleurum heptaphyllum（24）、山麥冬 Liriope spicata（21）、竹節樹 Carallia brachiata（14）
7	猴耳環 Archidendron clypearia（118）、山蒟 Piper hancei（68）
8	龍船花 Ixora chinensis（56）
9	濱木患 Arytera littoralis（37）、九節 Psychotria asiatica（26）、扭肚藤 Jasminum elongatum（25）、匙羹藤 Gymnema sylvestre（25）
10	九節 Psychotria asiatica（24）、山蒟 Piper hancei（21）、中南魚藤 Derris fordii（16）

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表 4 雷州半島風水林喬木層幼苗的豐富度與比例

Table 4. Richness and proportion of seedlings in the arbor layer of the Leizhou Peninsula

樣地 Sample plot	喬木層幼苗豐富度 Richness of seedlings in arbor layer	喬木層幼苗豐富度占喬木層總豐富度的比例 The proportion of the richness of seedlings in arbor layer to the total richness of the arbor layer/%
1	13	35.14
2	15	30.00
3	10	17.54
4	12	23.53
5	17	27.87
6	12	22.22
7	14	23.33
8	10	21.74
9	18	35.29
10	16	28.57
均值 Mean	14	26.52

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表 5 風水林斑塊面積與其植物多樣性保存水平的相關關系

Table 5. Correlation between forest patch area and plants diversity conservation level of Fengshui forests

指標 Index	Pearson積差相關關系 Pearson product-moment correlation	Spearman等級相關關系 Spearman’s rank-order correlation
風水林斑塊面積 Fengshui forest patch area	?0.29 (P ＞ 0.05)	?0.03 (P ＞ 0.05)

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表 6 風水林4個環境因素對其植物種類組成影響的相對重要程度

Table 6. Relative importance of the effects of four environmental factors on plants composition in Fengshui forests

指標 Index	喬木層 Arbor layer/%	草本層 Herb layer/%
風水林斑塊面積 Fengshui forest patch area	2.04	?0.80
pH值 pH-value	12.17	2.11
速效磷 Available phosphorus	2.46	0.43
堿解氮 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen	3.88	4.34

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